Forms of incense. Major forms of incense are shown, including powder, coil, cone, joss stick (or dhoop), and incense stick (with bamboo core). (photo by T. C. Lin). |
[These are notes toward an article...]
The present day mass production of Agarbathies involves:
i) Making un-perfumed Agarbathies, hereinafter called "Raw Bathies" using
Bamboo stick as the back bone, wood powder & charcoal powder as absorbent & burning matter & a suitable natural adhesive material as a binder. This may be done completely manually, partially by machines or by fully machanised process.
ii) Coating liquid perfume on the "Raw Bathies" by manually dipping or sprinkling. This process slow and highly labour intensive.
Ingredients:
Typical:
MATERIAL BREAKDOWN: INCENSE STICKS - 29%
CEDARWOOD POWDER, 1% SODIUM BENZOATE, 15% GUAR
GUM, 15% LAHAM BARK EXTRACT, 10% JIGGIT FRAGRANCE,
30% BAMBOO STICK
HOLDER - 100% MANGO WOOD
MATERIAL BREAKDOWN: 29% WHITE CHIP POWDER, 1% SODIUM
BENZOATE, 15% GUAR GUM, 15% LAHAM BARK EXTRACT, 10%
FRAGRANCE, 30% BAMBOO STICK
Cones:
MATERIAL BREAKDOWN: 55% WHITE CHIP POWDER, 1% SODIUM
BENZOATE, 4% GUAR GUM, 25% LAHAM BARK EXTRACT, 15%
FRAGRANCE
Quality incense ingredients:
Ingredients: Distilled Water, Pure Ultra Ground Charcoal, Clear White Bamboo, Flower Petals, Flower Essences, Amber Resins, Sandalwood (santalum album), Cedar (cedrus deodora), Vanilla Powder (vanilla planafolia), Gum Elemi (canarium luzonicum), Gum Opoponax (opoponnax chironium koch), Gum Labdanum (cistus ladaniferus), Gum Copal (bursera ordorata), Mastic (pistacia lentiscus), Gum Dammar (shorea wiesneri), Gum Myrrh (commiphora myrrha), Makko Powder (machillus thunbergil), Tragacanth Gum (astragalus species), Gum Olibanum-Frankincense (boswellia spp.), Gum Arabic (acacia nilotica)
Typical:
MATERIAL BREAKDOWN: INCENSE STICKS - 29%
CEDARWOOD POWDER, 1% SODIUM BENZOATE, 15% GUAR
GUM, 15% LAHAM BARK EXTRACT, 10% JIGGIT FRAGRANCE,
30% BAMBOO STICK
HOLDER - 100% MANGO WOOD
MATERIAL BREAKDOWN: 29% WHITE CHIP POWDER, 1% SODIUM
BENZOATE, 15% GUAR GUM, 15% LAHAM BARK EXTRACT, 10%
FRAGRANCE, 30% BAMBOO STICK
Cones:
MATERIAL BREAKDOWN: 55% WHITE CHIP POWDER, 1% SODIUM
BENZOATE, 4% GUAR GUM, 25% LAHAM BARK EXTRACT, 15%
FRAGRANCE
Quality incense ingredients:
Ingredients: Distilled Water, Pure Ultra Ground Charcoal, Clear White Bamboo, Flower Petals, Flower Essences, Amber Resins, Sandalwood (santalum album), Cedar (cedrus deodora), Vanilla Powder (vanilla planafolia), Gum Elemi (canarium luzonicum), Gum Opoponax (opoponnax chironium koch), Gum Labdanum (cistus ladaniferus), Gum Copal (bursera ordorata), Mastic (pistacia lentiscus), Gum Dammar (shorea wiesneri), Gum Myrrh (commiphora myrrha), Makko Powder (machillus thunbergil), Tragacanth Gum (astragalus species), Gum Olibanum-Frankincense (boswellia spp.), Gum Arabic (acacia nilotica)
Combustible agent
Charcoal and/or a sawdust, particularly of sandalwood
Binding agent
*Jigat or jigat powder, made from the bark of Litsea chinensis, Machilus macrantha, or Persea macrantha
*Makko or makko powder, made from the bark of Machillus Thunbergii.
*Halmaddi, an aromatic gum resin from Ailanthus triphysa / Ailanthus malabarica. A traditional ingredient in Indian incense, though usage declined after the Indian government banned extraction of the resin from trees in Indian forests due to extensive damage to the trees. Though soft when first extracted, the resin becomes brittle as it dries, so an ingredient, such as honey, may be added to assist in working the resin during incense making. Used in incense by Mother's Fragrances, Aargee's Imperial range, and Dhuni - all of whom are UK based companies who have their incense made in India. Dhuni's incense maker has stopped supplying the company, so when Dhuni's incense stocks are exhausted, they will close their incense shop. Mattipal is a similar aromatic gum resin, from the Peepal or "Bodhi" tree.
*Kai kou. Used in Japanese incense as a fixative. It is unclear what it is made from - possibly a type of snail.
Fragrance
Herbs, spices, flowers, essential oils, etc.
The Book of Incense: Enjoying the Traditional Art of Japanese Scents:
http://www.ehow.com/how_8099327_make-incense-resin.html
http://www.incensemaking.com/
http://www.japanese-incense.com/incense-making.htm
http://www.scents-of-earth.com/makyourownna.html
http://www.soywaxcandles.org/incense.htm
http://www.templeoftheola.org/incense-making.html
http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-make-Incense-sticks/
http://www.makeincense.com/
http://www.officepromosi.com/incense/making.shtml
The ends of incense bamboo sticks are dipped in red dye in the factory after the incense paste has been added. This saves wasting red dye on the part of the stick that is not seen.
http://www.sarathi.com/index.php?page=gallery_list&id=11
Privi Organics - an Indian synthetic fragrance company used by a number of incense companies.
http://www.privi.com/overview.asp
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5JmVNKNA250
YouTube videos of Indian incense stick making machines:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3GWnrLQCjA
YouTube videos of Indian incense sticks rolled by hand:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6Mxzo-4O5s
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pOPRTn4_6Mg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xgi9jycrh98
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zB1nR_S1qi4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgYyHPVJmV8
Women making incense sticks in India
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SgYyHPVJmV8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WgDi5jYTdc
Chinese incense factory
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is5JyxXyPMc
Vietnam incense making
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sPzZcX9Pfg
Tourists visiting a Vietnam family making incense
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4cdU1G3k4s
United Nations Development Programme on helping people make incense in Nepal
http://www.undp.org.np/success-stories/incense-making-enterprise-sees-huge-success......-155.html
Tibetan incense making
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQy9QUhHUFU
Tibetan incense making in Nepal
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1WhC5tDJB0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzigbWmKkME
Incense making at Prinknash Abbey
The
Benedictine monks of Prinknash Abbey have been blending incense to a
secret recipe since 1906, when the community was on Caldey Island.
Today they are not only the oldest, but the biggest
manufacturer of incense in Europe, and Abbot Francis offers an insight
into the process.http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-20770270
Incense smoke: clinical, structural and molecular effects on airway disease
" A typical composition of stick incense consists of 21% (by weight) of herbal and wood powder, 35% of fragrance material, 11% of adhesive powder, and 33% of bamboo stick""There are various forms of incenses, including sticks, joss sticks, cones, coils, powders, rope, rocks/charcoal, and smudge bundles [13]. The main difference between the first two forms is that the former has a slender bamboo base, onto which the mixture of incense ingredients is attached, while the latter is without a central base."
http://www.clinicalmolecularallergy.com/content/6/1/3
Make your own incense:
http://www.theherbboat.co.uk/blog/read_146820/how-to-make-and-burn-incense.html
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