Forms of incense. Major forms of incense are shown, including powder, coil, cone, joss stick (or dhoop), and incense stick (with bamboo core). (photo by T. C. Lin).

[These are notes toward an article...]

The present day mass production of Agarbathies involves:

i) Making un-perfumed Agarbathies, hereinafter called "Raw Bathies" using

Bamboo stick as the back bone, wood powder & charcoal powder as absorbent & burning matter & a suitable natural adhesive material as a binder. This may be done completely manually, partially by machines or by fully machanised process.

ii) Coating liquid perfume on the "Raw Bathies" by manually dipping or sprinkling. This process slow and highly labour intensive.

Ingredients:

Typical:

MATERIAL BREAKDOWN: INCENSE STICKS - 29%
CEDARWOOD POWDER, 1% SODIUM BENZOATE, 15% GUAR
GUM, 15% LAHAM BARK EXTRACT, 10% JIGGIT FRAGRANCE,
30% BAMBOO STICK
HOLDER - 100% MANGO WOOD

MATERIAL BREAKDOWN: 29% WHITE CHIP POWDER, 1% SODIUM
BENZOATE, 15% GUAR GUM, 15% LAHAM BARK EXTRACT, 10%
FRAGRANCE, 30% BAMBOO STICK

Cones:

MATERIAL BREAKDOWN: 55% WHITE CHIP POWDER, 1% SODIUM
BENZOATE, 4% GUAR GUM, 25% LAHAM BARK EXTRACT, 15%
FRAGRANCE

Quality incense ingredients:

Ingredients: Distilled Water, Pure Ultra Ground Charcoal, Clear White Bamboo, Flower Petals, Flower Essences, Amber Resins, Sandalwood (santalum album), Cedar (cedrus deodora), Vanilla Powder (vanilla planafolia), Gum Elemi (canarium luzonicum), Gum Opoponax (opoponnax chironium koch), Gum Labdanum (cistus ladaniferus), Gum Copal (bursera ordorata), Mastic (pistacia lentiscus), Gum Dammar (shorea wiesneri), Gum Myrrh (commiphora myrrha), Makko Powder (machillus thunbergil), Tragacanth Gum (astragalus species), Gum Olibanum-Frankincense (boswellia spp.), Gum Arabic (acacia nilotica)

Combustible agent

Charcoal and/or a sawdust, particularly of sandalwood

Binding agent

Jigat powder

*Jigat or jigat powder, made from the bark of Litsea chinensis, Machilus macrantha, or Persea macrantha

*Makko or makko powder, made from the bark of Machillus Thunbergii.

*Halmaddi, an aromatic gum resin from Ailanthus triphysa / Ailanthus malabarica. A traditional ingredient in Indian incense, though usage declined after the Indian government banned extraction of the resin from trees in Indian forests due to extensive damage to the trees. Though soft when first extracted, the resin becomes brittle as it dries, so an ingredient, such as honey, may be added to assist in working the resin during incense making. Used in incense by Mother's Fragrances, Aargee's Imperial range, and Dhuni - all of whom are UK based companies who have their incense made in India. Dhuni's incense maker has stopped supplying the company, so when Dhuni's incense stocks are exhausted, they will close their incense shop. Mattipal is a similar aromatic gum resin, from the Peepal or "Bodhi" tree.

*Kai kou. Used in Japanese incense as a fixative. It is unclear what it is made from - possibly a type of snail.

Fragrance

Herbs, spices, flowers, essential oils, etc.

The Book of Incense: Enjoying the Traditional Art of Japanese Scents:

http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=dQ6KQMLQ_rEC&pg=PA63&dq=joss+stick&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LHpFUaSrF8HsOqvmgegL&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=joss%20stick&f=false

Making incense cones

Cutting the bamboo into sticks

http://www.fragrantica.com/news/What-is-Incense--2503.html

http://www.ehow.com/how_8099327_make-incense-resin.html

http://www.incensemaking.com/

http://www.japanese-incense.com/incense-making.htm

http://www.scents-of-earth.com/makyourownna.html

http://www.soywaxcandles.org/incense.htm

http://www.templeoftheola.org/incense-making.html

http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-make-Incense-sticks/

http://www.makeincense.com/

http://www.officepromosi.com/incense/making.shtml

The ends of incense bamboo sticks are dipped in red dye in the factory after the incense paste has been added. This saves wasting red dye on the part of the stick that is not seen.

http://www.sarathi.com/index.php?page=gallery_list&id=11

Privi Organics - an Indian synthetic fragrance company used by a number of incense companies.

http://www.privi.com/overview.asp

GANDHARAJ the KING of Fragrances

Baieido incense factory in Japan

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WgDi5jYTdc

Chinese incense factory

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Is5JyxXyPMc

Vietnam incense making

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sPzZcX9Pfg

Tourists visiting a Vietnam family making incense

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4cdU1G3k4s

United Nations Development Programme on helping people make incense in Nepal

http://www.undp.org.np/success-stories/incense-making-enterprise-sees-huge-success......-155.html

Tibetan incense making

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CQy9QUhHUFU

Tibetan incense making in Nepal

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1WhC5tDJB0

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NzigbWmKkME

Incense making at Prinknash Abbey

The Benedictine monks of Prinknash Abbey have been blending incense to a secret recipe since 1906, when the community was on Caldey Island.

Today they are not only the oldest, but the biggest manufacturer of incense in Europe, and Abbot Francis offers an insight into the process.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/in-pictures-20770270

Incense smoke: clinical, structural and molecular effects on airway disease

" A typical composition of stick incense consists of 21% (by weight) of herbal and wood powder, 35% of fragrance material, 11% of adhesive powder, and 33% of bamboo stick"

"There are various forms of incenses, including sticks, joss sticks, cones, coils, powders, rope, rocks/charcoal, and smudge bundles [13]. The main difference between the first two forms is that the former has a slender bamboo base, onto which the mixture of incense ingredients is attached, while the latter is without a central base."

http://www.clinicalmolecularallergy.com/content/6/1/3

Make your own incense:

http://www.theherbboat.co.uk/blog/read_146820/how-to-make-and-burn-incense.html

Incense Ratings - Top of the Dhoops!

Incense in The Wind

Incense In The Wind

Tuesday 16 February 2021

How incense is made

GANDHARAJ the KING of Fragrances

Baieido incense factory in Japan

Incense making at Prinknash Abbey

Incense smoke: clinical, structural and molecular effects on airway disease

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